Window construction



Oct. 3l, 1944. P. L. ADAMS WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. 5, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 'nununl ill-.hinab Oct. 31, 1941-1.` P- ADAMS WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed 001' 5, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet Patented Oct. 31, 1944 WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Paul L. Adams, Dubuque, Iowa, assignor to Carr, Adams & Collier Company, Dubuque, Iowa, a

corporation of Iowa Application October 3, 1941, Serial No. 413,467

Claims.

The present improvements are concerned with a window frame in which is movably mounted a sash. More particularly, the features of invention relate to the mounting for the sash whereby certain tilting movements may be accomplished, and by which the window may be snap-locked in closed position.

These and other objects of my invention may be attained by a construction of which one exemplication is set forth in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a fragmentary View in front elevation of the frame with sash fitted therein, shown in closed position;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; f

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are fragmentary perspective views showing the sash in closed and two different open positions, respectively;

Figs. 6 and 7 are details in section taken, respectively, on lines 6--6 and 1-1 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of one of the sash mounting rods;

Fig. 9 is a perspective in vertical section through the window frame;

Fig. 10, which is a similar View, shows the lintel and sill detached from the associated jamb;

Fig. 11 is a top plan View of the interfitted members of the window unit, as they appear upon a bed or table after being moved to final positions in response to clamping pressures which are applied during the assembly operation;

Figs. 12-15 are enlarged .details in section taken, respectively, on lines I2-l2, I3-|3,

Ill-lli, and I5|5 of Fig. 11; and

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary detail in section showing the weather strip fitted in place within one of the frame or sash channels which is .provided for its reception.

The present window isone of wide application,one of its commonest uses being for basements where its horizontal dimension is usually greatest. Because of its location such a window should desirably tilt inwardly, vusually from the top or bottom, and by reason of the opening thus aiforded, either upwardly or downwardly, the incoming currents of air are deflected. With any such window it is important that the sash bereadilyadjustable to any of its selected positions,

and be securely held therein. All these objectivesare attained by a window having the construction now to be described.

The window frame comprises four members, viz., a lintel a and sill b,.and jambs c connected thereto at opposite ends. Such a frame is designed to be secured in a building wall or partition in any appropriate way. As herein shown, the lintel is provided with a stop 2t, and each jarnb is also formed with a stop 2l providing a shoulder 22. Into each of the jamb shoulders is laterally extended a narrow channel `23 for the reception of the outwardly springing turned edge 24 (see Fig. 16) of a resilient metallic weather strip w.

The .insert inner 'face of each jamb is also formed with a channel 25 (see Fig. 7) which extends lengthwise of the jamb intermediately of its ends. The sill (see Figs. 2 and 13) is provided also with an inclined stop '2li providing a shoulder 2l rising from a base against which the top or bottom rail (as the case may be) may rest in the manner to be hereinafter noted. In the present window frame the two jambs are each formed with shoulders from which are extended weather l strips against which may be rested the outer face of the window sash presently to be described; and on the lintel sill are stops whose shoulders the sash rails may directly engage when the window is fully closed.

The sash comprises the usual four members, viz., top and bottom rails e and f, respectively, connected at their ends by stiles y of whichbut one is shown in the several figures of the `drawings. Mortise and tenon joints may be provided at the sash corners, in accordance'with common practice. Projecting upwardly from the top rail efis a bead `3l) adapted to lie against or Very close to the stop 20 depending from the lintel a, this stop occupying a position to the inside of the bead (see Figs. 6 and 12). The outer face of each stile g is recessed as at 3| to accommodate the jamb stop 2i, the shoulder 32 formed by the recess being adapted `to engage the jamb Weather strip w (see Figs. 7 yand 14). The bottom rail 7 is also formed with a recess Y33 for accommodation of the inclined sill stop 26 whose shoulder 2l is adapted to engage 'with the rail. YFitted into slots within the top and bottom rails so as, to extend therefrom lengthwise thereof are weather strips w the same in construction 'as previously described, the, ifOp weather'strip bein-g 'engageable with the lower face of the lintel stop 2li and the bottom weather strip being engageable with the upper face of the `sill b. A sash thus formed, when fitted within ythe window frame, is adapted to swing inwardly freely except along .the top rail which is prevented from inward movement by the lintel stop 2t, thus requiringthe'bottom rail to initiate the inwardly swinging movement.

A suspension mounting for the sash within the frame is afforded' by two spring rods h of generally ogee form. Since both are alike, a description of but one will suiice. Each rod (see Fig. 8)

l is formed at its lower end with a straight lateral extension 35 whereon may be fitted an upturned handle 36. The extension 35 proceeds from a bend 3l of slightly more than 90 beyond which point is an oblique rod section 38 which joins at a point intermediately of the rod length with a vertical section 39. A further bend 40 occurs near the end of the vertical section at which point a second lateral extension 4l is provided, proceeding in a direction substantially parallel with but opposite to the extension 35. Through each sash stile, at `a. point relatively close to its bottom rail, and extending inwardly and slightly downwardly from its outer face, is an opening through which the 'lower extension 35 of the rod is freely received. The two sections 38 and 39 extend upwardly along the outer face of the sash stile vin the narrow space to the outside thereof which is augmented by the channel 25 wherein the'lower end of the lrod section 38 is normally maintained due to the tension exerted by the rod. The upper extension 4| of the rod is adapted to be accommodated within an opening 43 that is provided through the jamb. By this arrangement the sash is supported near its lower end by the two rods h each of which is pivotally mounted in one of thejambs adjacent its upper end. The handles 36 at the extremities of the lower sections of the rods lie inwardly of the stiles in a position to facilitate an inward pull for withdrawing the oblique rod sections 38 from the jaznbchannels 25 whereby to free the two rods for pivotal movement about the axis of the upper rod sections 4l. When any such movement takes place, the lower end of the sash is free to swing inwardly whereupon the bead 30 projecting from its upper rail moves down below the stop 20 sufciently to permit the sash to be inverted by a swinging movement about the two lower rod sections 35 as anaxis. The sash may accordingly be moved from the closed position of Fig. 3 through the rst open position of Fig. 4 to a second open position as shown in Fig.

by provide a rigid structure which may have a sticking 50 extending continuously around its sticking and stop whereby the pane will be immovably and permanently locked in place. A thin spread of putty 52 may be placed around the pane edges to make the connection watertight, but without necessitating any exposure of putty upon the surface of Athe cash. The stop 5l which is preferably to the outside of the pane is undercut by a lateral slot 53 leaving only a narrow web as the-medium by which the stop is joined integrally to the sash. Such a stop may be easily separated from the sash, whenever necessary, by application of a knife or other suitable tool within the undercut slot 53. In this way, if a substitute pane is to be installed, the bead may first be severed and removed, and later be replaced to be fastened in place this time as by small nails so that the new pane will be amply secured, or, optionally, the severed bead may be discarded and a new spread of putty be applied instead. It will be noted that the severable bead 'is inset slightly from the proximate face of the sash so as to avoid any interference with the production of the ycorner joints which are Aflush in each case with the face of the sash.

I now refer to the showing in Figs. 9-15 wherein the window frame itself is revealed as embodying certain special features of construction, viz., mortis@ and tenon joints at the points of connection between the two jambs and the lintel and sill. As shown, opposite ends of the lintel and sill are inwardly mortised from top to bottom at 55, but with only a partial interruption of (a) the stop 20 together with the adjacent recess or other special contour on the. under side of the lintel, and (b) the stop 26 on the upperside of the sill. In other words, these special formations continue from end to end of the lintel and sill except for the partial interruptions thereof occasioned by the mortised slots 55 within the central portion of each end region. The jambs at opposite ends are shown to terminate in complementary tenons 56 which project from or beyond bases each having contours identical with and in continuation of those of the proximate sides of the lintel and sill, except as interrupted by the tenons themselves. In other words, as shown best in Fig. 10, the opposite bases of each tenon are formed to interiit with the proximate sides of the associated lintel and sill whose continuing stops, etc., are adapted to be accommodated in complementary fashion within the corresponding conformations near the ends of the jamb when the frame is completely assembled in the manner indicated in Figs. 3-5. When so assembled, the frame members may be secured together as by pins, nails, glue, etc., in the customary way. l

The window unitunder discussion may, if desired, have two or more `panes separated by rhuntinsm each in the forrn'of a bar (see Figs. 11 and 15) whose ends are supported by opposite rails or stiles of the sash. Such a muntin is formed at each end to complement the rail or stile face with which it coacts, the coped end shown in Fig. 15, which connects with the lower rail, being twice recessed at 60 and 6l to accommodate respectively the sticking 5U and stop 5| and having a depending tongue 62 which-fits into the channel therebetween. The muntin accordingly is interlocked in place xedly with respect to the inner and outer faces of the sash and, when provided along opposite sides with stickings and stops, the same as those designated as 50 and 5l on the sashrails and stiles, is adapted to cooperate therewith in supporting a plurality of panes p securely in place.

Referring now to Figs. 11-16, I have here shown the constituents of the sashand frame as they appear during the assembly stage. The two jambs and the lintel and sill of the frame are arranged in their operative positions upon a bed or table, and to the inside thereof the stiles and 'rails of the sash are also arranged in their operative positions, vwith the remaining parts such as the wire supports h, the several weather strips w, the muntins m (if used), and the panes p all fitted in place. A small amount of putty may be laid in the channels wherein the pane edges 4are fitted, the putty being thereupon spread around to ll in any vacant space remaining in the channels, so that the panes are thereby irnmovably'secured in place. The clearance which normally obtains between the sash and frame is occupied by ller strips 'l0 which are loosely fitted in place. With all the parts so arranged, opposing pressures in the plane of the frame are brought to bear against the jambs as by clamping blocks 'il and against the lintel and sill as by other clamping blocks 'l2 whereby to force the frame members tightly together at the mortise and tenori joints previously described. This pressure is transmitted through the filler strips'to the sash parts which are also forced to a tight joint. While in this condition, pins 13 may be driven in to lock the frame parts xedly together and other pins lll may be similarly driven intothe sash to lock its parts xedly together. If desired, glue or other appropriate adhesive may be used to enhance the securement between the members of the frame and sash which thereafter remain locked together to hold in place all intermediate parts such as the panes, muntins, etc. When this is done, the pressure is released, the

filler strips are taken out, and the combinationframe and sash, completely assembled as a unit, may be removed, ready for installation in a building. rThis operation of putting together the frame and sash, together with all the adjunctive parts of each, may be performed expeditiously so that the manufacture of a window unit in accordance with this phase of my invention may proceed rapidly with a minimum of effort and expense.

In practice, the weather strip along the top rail of the sash is extended substantially to the ends thereof so as to lap past the two weatherstrips which extend vertically along the side jambs of the frame. This is of advantage when the sash is to undergo movement because, upon.

inward swinging of its lower rail, the top rail of the sash starts downward to produce a sliding of the sash top weather strip along the twojamb weather strips of the frame. Inasmuch as these weather strips are of metal, the sliding contact which ensues in such circumstances is relatively frictionless. This metal to metal contact therefore promotes easy vertical sliding movementlof the upper portion of the sash when tilting operations take place.

The present window unit adequately meets all the usual service requirements in that the sash is adapted, when closed, to nt tightly within the frame and, with the aid of the weather strips, to furnish a closure which will effectively resist the'passage of weather through the window. In accomplishing this end, I provide along the top sash rail an upstanding bead 3l) which lies to the outside of the stop depending from the lintel sible were it not for the fact that movement of the top rail of the sash is not inward, but is confined to substantially avertical plane. Elsewhere this relationship is reversed, in that the stops provided along the jamb and sill of the frame lies to the outside of shoulders which are extended from the stiles and bottom rail of the sash. Near the end of its closing movement, the upper sash weather strip is pressed to a position of rest against the lower face of the, lintel stop .2, the bottom sash weather strip is slid across the base oi' the frame sill to rest thereagainst with a slight pressure, and the two stiles are advanced against the jamb weather strips which may yield, as required, to produce a weather tight joint therewith when the sash is locked in its final closed position by outward springing of the two rods h, the lower angular sections 38 thereof then remaining engaged within the channels 25.

I claim: f

l. In combinationwith a window frame having a stop, a sash receivable within the frame and adapted to rest against the stop, and a floating mounting for the sash comprising a pair of rods one between each frame jamb and the proximate sash stile, each rod having opposite ends extended oppositely vat its ends and in substantial parallelism, one rod end being pivotally supported on the frame jamb near its upper end and the other rod end being connectedto the sash stile relatively near its lower end whereby to afford pivotal support thereto, the sash being 'thereby mounted to swing inwardly away from the stop about the upper rod ends as an axis of movement andaiso, consequent upon such movement, to swing aro-und about the lower rod ends as a second axis of movement through more than 90 toan inclined position of rest with thesash top rail resting upon the frame sill, means on each frame jamb engageable with the associated rod to lock the rod to the jamb to prevent outward swinging of the rod about its upper pivotal axis of movement, and means for producing relative movement between each rod and its associated locking means whereby to free the rod for outward swinging movement from the frame.

2. In combination with a window frame having a stop, asash receivable within the frame and adapted to rest against the stop, and a floating mounting for the sash comprising a pair of spring rodsone between each frame jamb and the proximate sash stile, each rod having its opposite ends extended oppositely and in substantial parallelism, one rod end being pivotally supported in an opening in the frame jamb near its upper end and the other rod end being entered through an opening transversely of the sash stile relatively near its lower end wherebyto afford pivotal support thereto, the sash being thereby mounted to swing inwardly away from the stop about the upper rod ends as an axis of movement and also, consequent upon such movement, to swing around about the lower rod ends as a second axis of movement through more than 90 to an inclined position of rest with the sash top rail vresting upon the frame sill, and means on each frame jamb normally engaged by the associated rod in response to the tension thereof to lock the rod to the jamb to prevent outward swinging of the rod about its upper pivotal axis of movement.

3. In combination with a window frame having a stop, a sash receivable within the frame and adapted to rest against the stop, and a floating mounting for the sash comprising a pair of spring rods one between each frame jamb and the proximate sash stile, each rod having its opposite ends extended oppositely and in substantial parallelism, one rod end being pivotally supported in an opening in the frame jamb near its upper end' and the other rod end being entered through an opening transversely of the sash stile clined position of rest with the sash top rail restingupon the frame sill, andmeans on each frame jamb normally engaged, by the associated rod in response to the tension thereof to lock the vand away from ,the other, whereby to afford pivotal support to the sash, and means normally engaged by the proximate link to lock the link to the j amb to prevent outward swinging movement of the link about one of its axes of pivotal movement. y

5. In combination with a window frame and a sash movably fitted therewithin, a stop carried by the frame, one disposed to the outside of the sash along one rail thereof and another to the inside of the sash along an opposite rail thereof,

the sash being engageable with both stops but inwardly movable away from but one of them,

anda floating mounting for the sash comprising a pair of links pivoted to the frame jambs at points adjacent the outside stop and to the sash Stiles at points distant therefrom whereby to afford pivotalfsupport to the sash, the links being inwardly swingable to impart an inward movement to the sash away from the outside stop concurrently with disengaging movement away from the inside stop, and means on each frame jamb engageable with the proximate link to lock the link to the jamb `to prevent outward swinging movement of the link about one of .its axes of pivotal movement.

PAUL L. ADAMS. 

